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Achieving energy efficiency in government buildings through mandatory policy and program enforcement

Patrick X.W. ZOU, Morshed ALAM, Van Manh PHUNG, Dipika WAGLE, Rodney STEWART, Edoardo BERTONE, Oz SAHIN, Chris BUNTINE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第1期   页码 92-103 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017101

摘要： Government buildings are responsible for a significant proportion of energy consumption worldwide, for example, in Australia, up to 41.5 PJ energy was consumed by government buildings in 2011–2012. While the newly constructed buildings may be energy efficient, the existing buildings, which account for more than 85% of the total building stock, were built prior to the time when energy rating systems was put in practice and are consequently energy inefficient to a large degree. Reducing the energy consumption in existing government buildings is essential, as it will not only reduce the costs and environmental impacts, but also show governments’ strong commitment towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emission. Furthermore, successful building energy retrofit projects are the showcases to the general public, encouraging other sectors (e.g. commercial) to conduct building retrofits for energy savings. Recognising these benefits, several state governments in Australia have introduced building energy efficiency policies and programs. This paper reviewed the energy efficiency policies/programs in five States in Australia: Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland in terms of respective policies and targets, implementation methods and current progress. The lessons learned from these programs were also discussed. This research revealed that the key factors for a successful government building energy retrofitting program are 1) having a properly enforced energy efficiency mandate with clear energy saving targets, 2) establishing an expert facilitation team and 3) implementing suitable financing and procurement methods.

关键词： building energy retrofit     policy     energy efficiency     energy performance contract     energy auditing    

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Evaluation of the contract reliability for alternative infrastructure project delivery: a contract engineering

Bing WANG, Qingbin CUI, Shuibo ZHANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 239-248 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0018-3

摘要： Governments at all levels are increasingly motivating the private sector to participate in infrastructure development using alternative project delivery methods to relieve financial burden. When designing contracts, governments usually offer incentives while requiring cost or time guarantee to balance project attractiveness to the private sector and fair protection of public interest. However, a practical and critical problem is how to properly design these provisions. Although previous studies have investigated the value of these provisions, a knowledge gap still exists with respect to methods of fairly and effectively designing such provisions. This study fills this gap by developing a methodology that analyzes the appropriateness of guarantee or warranty provisions for contracts. In this study, a contract reliability index is constructed, and a process of evaluating contract reliability is proposed. The New Mexico Highway 44 project, in which three warranty provision arrangements are investigated, is used as a case study to illustrate the analysis process. Results show that although a ceiling clause can effectively motivate the private sector to participate in the project, it sacrifices a significant amount of public benefits. By contrast, although a warranty option can protect public benefits, it cannot effectively incentivize the private sector. A combination of the ceiling clause and the warranty option will therefore result in improved contract provision design. The proposed methodology in this study is especially useful for governments in properly determining contract clauses in infrastructure development.

关键词： infrastructure development     contract design     contract reliability     guarantee provision     contract engineering    

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Smart contract applications in the built environment: How prepared are Nigerian construction stakeholders

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0275-z

摘要： Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology, such as smart contract applications, can enhance both pre- and post-contract administration within the built environment sector. Smart contract technology, exemplifying blockchain technologies, has the potential to improve transparency, trust, and the security of data transactions within this sector. However, there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries, with a specific focus on Nigeria. Consequently, this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption, offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract applications. To investigate the stakeholders, this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data saturation. The interviewees encompassed project management practitioners, senior management personnel from construction companies, experts in construction dispute resolution, professionals in construction software, and representatives from government construction agencies. The data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic approach. The study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the sector. Among the 12 identified barriers, issues such as identity theft and data leakage, communication and synchronization challenges, high computational expenses, lack of driving impetus, excessive electricity consumption, intricate implementation processes, absence of a universally applicable legal framework, and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the sector. The study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these barriers. In conclusion, this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment, with a specific focus on promoting their usage. It may serve as a pioneering effort, especially within the context of Nigeria.

关键词： built environment industry     digitalization     Nigeria     smart contract     technological revolution    

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Collaborative adoption of blockchain technology: A supply chain contract perspective

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 121-142 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0239-8

摘要： The outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly affected the development of enterprises. In the post-pandemic era, blockchain technology has become one of the important technologies to help enterprises quickly gain market competitiveness. The heavy investment required of supply chain stakeholders to employ blockchain technology has hindered its adoption and application. To tackle this issue, this study aims to facilitate the adoption of blockchain technology in a supply chain consisting of a core enterprise and a small/medium-sized enterprise through an effective supply chain contract. We analyze the performance of a cost-sharing (CS) contract and a revenue-sharing (RS) contract and propose a new hybrid CS-RS contract for better performance. We conduct comparative analyses of the three contracts and find that the hybrid CS-RS contract can more effectively incentivize both parties to reach the highest level of blockchain technology adoption and achieve supply chain coordination.

关键词： blockchain     collaborative adoption     cost sharing     revenue sharing     hybrid contract    

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Method for rating energy performance of public buildings

Jincheng XING,Youli LI,Jihong LING,Huiyang YU,Liwen WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 379-385 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0328-4

摘要： This paper discussed a comparative study of several state-of-art methods for determining building energy consumption benchmark. A new approach, which combined the idea of “building benchmark” and “operational benchmark” in its rating system, was proposed. A case study was conducted which applied the proposed approach to benchmarking an existing office building in Tianjin. Besides, the calculation of benchmarks of the reference building model and real building model using the rating method in eQUEST was also considered. Furthermore, the simulation results of the reference building model were taken as the baseline to divide real office buildings into different energy performance grades.

关键词： energy consumption benchmark     energy efficiency benchmark     energy performance level    

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The Supply Chain Contract Design under Cap-and-Trade Mechanism with Free Riding

Fu-qiang Wang,Jun Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第3期   页码 277-286 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015049

摘要： This paper studies the influence of free riding on enterprise product pricing and carbon emissions reduction investment, as well as the contract design to achieve supply chain coordination under the carbon trading mechanism. First, we discuss the situation where carbon emissions reduction investment affects the product price and income. It demonstrates that the optimal investment of the upstream manufacturer increases with the degree of the free riding of the downstream manufacturer. The upstream manufacturer can improve their carbon reduction investment and the whole supply chain achieves Pareto improvement when the investment cost sharing contract is introduced. Nevertheless, under the cost-sharing contract the optimal investment of the decentralized supply chain is still lower than that of the centralized supply chain, and only in some particular cases can the two types of supply chain achieve equal total profits. Then, we preliminarily explore the situation where the product price and income is influenced by carbon emissions reduction investment. The consequences indicate that the optimal investment of the upstream manufacturers in this situation is less than the former one’s, and the transfer payment mechanism is able to improve the level of the supply chain overall carbon emissions-reduction. Moreover, compared to the former situation, the effects of free riding of the downstream manufacturer are even more serious. The conclusions can provide some intellectual support for manufacturing enterprises to make reasonable emissions reduction strategies and coordinate the supply chain existing in free riding.

关键词： carbon emissions reduction     free riding     supply chain contract design     cap-and-trade    

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Blockchain-based smart contract for smart payment in construction: A focus on the payment freezing and

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 177-195 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0184-y

摘要： Late payment, and indeed no payment, is a rampant and chronic problem that has plagued the global construction industry for too long. Recent development in blockchain technology, particularly its smart contract, seems to provide a new opportunity to improve this old problem. However, this opportunity is largely unexploited. This study aims to develop a blockchain-based smart contract (BBSC) system for smart payment in the construction industry by focusing on the fundamental cycle of payment freezing (sometimes also synonymously called payment guarantees) and disbursement application. Firstly, a BBSC framework, containing three processes of (a) initiation and configuration, (b) payment freezing, and (c) disbursement application, is developed. Next, based on the framework, the system architecture of the BBSC system, containing three layers of (1) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), (2) Blockchain as a Service (BaaS), and (3) Software as a Service (SaaS) is proposed and elaborated. Finally, based on the system architecture, a BBSC prototype system is developed using a real-life modular construction project as a case study. It was found that the prototype system can improve the certainty and efficiency of the progress payment, thereby enabling smart payment in construction transactions. Without advocating radical changes (e.g., the contractual relationships or the intermediate role of banks in modern construction projects), the prototype can be developed into a real-life BBSC system that can work compatibly with current advancements in the field. Future works are recommended to fine-tune the findings and translate and implement them in real-life applications.

关键词： blockchain     construction project     smart contract     smart payment     payment dispute    

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合同管理是项目管理的核心——小浪底水利枢纽国际合同管理的经验与体会

张基尧

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第4期   页码 54-67

摘要：

小浪底水利枢纽是治理黄河的重要控制性工程，它以地质复杂、布置困难、技术要求高、管理难度大而得到我国水利水电行业的普遍关注，尤其是由于其全方位实施国际招标，成为我国水利工程第一个全面与国际接轨的项目。小浪底水利枢纽至今已建成并成功运行10年，发挥了巨大的社会、经济和生态效益。小浪底工程建设中三大国际承包联营体隶属的40多个国家和地区的承包商、分包商，与项目业主之间围绕合同管理，呈现出多方利益主体之间的博弈。小浪底建管局依靠各方支持，在团结全体建设者优质高效地建成小浪底工程的同时，妥善处理纷繁复杂的各种合同纠

关键词： 项目管理     合同管理     小浪底水利枢纽    

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现代工程项目三方合同系统研究

林基础,成虎

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第11期   页码 93-96

摘要：

对三方合同进行了系统的分析和研究，提出三方合同的概念、常见类型及其特征以及日后在三方合同研究工作中需要解决的问题。

关键词： 现代工程项目     三方合同     常见类型     合同特征     系统研究    

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Decentralised energy and its performance assessment models

Ting WU, Dong-Ling XU, Jian-Bo YANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第2期   页码 183-198 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0148-7

摘要： Energy development concerns not only the development of renewable energies but also the shift from centralised to clean, decentralised power generation. The development of decentralised energy (DE) is a core part of the energy and economic strategies being adopted around the world that drives the progress toward a highly sustainable future. This paper reviews the concepts, development status, trends, benefits and challenges of DE systems and analyses the existing models and methods for assessing the performance of these systems. A hierarchical decision model for evaluating the performance of DE systems is also constructed based on the framework of multiple criteria decision analysis, which considers the identification, definition and assessment grade of decision criteria. The evidential reasoning approach is applied to aggregate assessment information in a case study of the implementation of an intelligent decision system. Sensitivity and trade-off analyses are also conducted to show how the proposed model can be used to support decision making in DE systems.

关键词： decentralised energy     assessment model     MCDA     evidential reasoning     sensitivity analysis    

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Recovery and reuse of floc sludge for high-performance capacitors

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1512-5

摘要：

• The feasibility of facile fabrication of capacitor from floc sludge is discussed.

关键词： Floc sludge     Porous carbon electrode     Energy storage performance     Supercapacitors    

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Spatial targeting evaluation of energy and environmental performance of waste-to-energy processing

Petar S. Varbanov, Timothy G. Walmsley, Yee V. Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš, Simon J. Perry

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 731-744 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1772-1

摘要：

Waste-to-energy supply chains are important potential contributors to minimising the environmental impacts of municipal solid waste by reducing the amounts of waste sent to landfill, as well as the fossil fuel consumption and environmental footprints. Accounting for the spatial and transport properties of the waste-to-energy supply chains is crucial for understanding the problem and improving the supply chain designs. The most significant challenge is the distributed nature of the waste generation and the household energy demands. The current work proposes concepts and a procedure for targeting the size of the municipal solid waste collection zone as the first step in the waste-to-energy supply chains synthesis. The formulated concepts and the provided case study reveal trends of reducing the net greenhouse gas savings and energy recovery by increasing the collection zone size. Population density has a positive correlation with the greenhouse gas saving and energy recovery performance. For smaller zone size the energy recovery from waste approaches and in some cases may surpass the energy spent on waste transportation. The energy recovery and greenhouse gas savings remain significant even for collection zones as large as 200 km2. The obtained trends are discussed and key directions for future work are proposed.

关键词： waste-to-energy     supply chain optimisation     GHG savings     energy recovery ratio    

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伙伴合作模式工程合同的进化——新工程合同

刘正光

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第12期   页码 81-84

摘要：

随着社会的发展,工程行业变得十分复杂,因而传统的施工合同已经不能满足工程界日益多元化的发展。因此,英国土木工程师学会和业界经过广泛研究和讨论,一致同意要改善业界互相监视和不信任的现状,因而在1993年,推出新工程合同(NEC), 鼓励成立“团体精神”,即建立良好伙伴关系。经过近20年的应用,NEC成效卓越。香港特区政府也在2009年跟进,试验性地引用NEC。文章介绍了第一个引用NEC项目的经验,该项目成果证明NEC可节省工期和工程费用,减少合同争端,增加成本效益，因而大大增强了业界引用NEC的信心。

关键词： 传统工程合同     新工程合同     新工程合同经验    

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Experimental investigations of internal energy dissipation during fracture of fiber-reinforced ultra-high-performance

Eric N. LANDIS, Roman KRAVCHUK, Dmitry LOSHKOV

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 190-200 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0487-1

摘要： Split-cylinder fracture of fiber-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) was examined using two complementary techniques: X-ray computed tomography (CT) and acoustic emission (AE). Fifty-mm-diameter specimens of two different fiber types were scanned both before and after load testing. From the CT images, fiber orientation was evaluated to establish optimum and pessimum specimen orientations, at which fibers would have maximum and minimum effect, respectively. As expected, fiber orientation affected both the peak load and the toughness of the specimen, with the optimum toughness being between 20% and 30% higher than the pessimum. Cumulative AE energy was also affected commensurately. Posttest CT scans of the specimens were used to measure internal damage. Damage was quantified in terms of internal energy dissipation due to both matrix cracking and fiber pullout by using calibration measurements for each. The results showed that fiber pullout was the dominant energy dissipation mechanism; however, the sum of the internal energy dissipation measured amounted to only 60% of the total energy dissipated by the specimens as measured by the net work of load. It is postulated that localized compaction of the UHPC matrix as well as internal friction between fractured fragments makes up the balance of internal energy dissipation.

关键词： ultra-high-performance concrete     concrete fracture     X-ray computed tomography     acoustic emission    

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Case study of data-oriented approach for building energy performance investigation

Jianjun XIA, He XIAO, Yi JIANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 22-34 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0024-y

摘要： The key parameters that may influence building energy performance is studied by comparing the building energy data of college buildings in two different regions (the USA and China). By introducing data-orientated approach, a study of a set of on-campus building energy demand and consumption is conducted for cooling, heating and electricity. In addition, the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems are studied in great detail. The breakdown analyses of the current energy consumption data are used to focus the investigation on critical issues. The analysis shows that the energy consumption of college buildings in the USA can be 3–5 times more than that of college buildings in China. The over-high energy consumption in campus buildings in the USA is mainly caused by operation schedule, system style, cooling and heating counteraction and sensor/actuator faults in the control systems, which also leads to the discussion of energy difference on the concept of “full control” or “local improvement” in building environment control. The study also indicates that the building energy efficiency can only be achieved by adjusting the demand according to natural conditions, encouraging green life behaviors, and developing relative technical solutions coordinated with the thrift culture and human behavior.

关键词： USA     counteraction     on-campus building     over-high     sensor/actuator    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Achieving energy efficiency in government buildings through mandatory policy and program enforcement

Patrick X.W. ZOU, Morshed ALAM, Van Manh PHUNG, Dipika WAGLE, Rodney STEWART, Edoardo BERTONE, Oz SAHIN, Chris BUNTINE

期刊论文

Evaluation of the contract reliability for alternative infrastructure project delivery: a contract engineering

Bing WANG, Qingbin CUI, Shuibo ZHANG

期刊论文

Smart contract applications in the built environment: How prepared are Nigerian construction stakeholders

期刊论文

Collaborative adoption of blockchain technology: A supply chain contract perspective

期刊论文

Method for rating energy performance of public buildings

Jincheng XING,Youli LI,Jihong LING,Huiyang YU,Liwen WANG

期刊论文

The Supply Chain Contract Design under Cap-and-Trade Mechanism with Free Riding

Fu-qiang Wang,Jun Liu

期刊论文

Blockchain-based smart contract for smart payment in construction: A focus on the payment freezing and

期刊论文

合同管理是项目管理的核心——小浪底水利枢纽国际合同管理的经验与体会

张基尧

期刊论文

现代工程项目三方合同系统研究

林基础,成虎

期刊论文

Decentralised energy and its performance assessment models

Ting WU, Dong-Ling XU, Jian-Bo YANG

期刊论文

Recovery and reuse of floc sludge for high-performance capacitors

期刊论文

Spatial targeting evaluation of energy and environmental performance of waste-to-energy processing

Petar S. Varbanov, Timothy G. Walmsley, Yee V. Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš, Simon J. Perry

期刊论文

伙伴合作模式工程合同的进化——新工程合同

刘正光

期刊论文

Experimental investigations of internal energy dissipation during fracture of fiber-reinforced ultra-high-performance

Eric N. LANDIS, Roman KRAVCHUK, Dmitry LOSHKOV

期刊论文

Case study of data-oriented approach for building energy performance investigation

Jianjun XIA, He XIAO, Yi JIANG,

期刊论文